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Effect of mowing technique on the quality of cutting, condition and composition of grassland
PETRÁŠ, Marek
The aim of this work is to assess the influence of mowing technology on mowing height, mowing uniformity, cut quality and botanical composition of grasslands. To achieve these goals, two meadows were selected in the cadastral territory of Bukvice near Trhové Sviny in 2022. The first selected meadow was mowed with a rotary disc mower. The second selected meadow was mowed with a rotary drum mower. The botanical composition was recorded for all monitored meadows, and the water and nutrient regime was determined. Before mowing, the condition of the mowing mechanisms, the set mowing height and the condition of the mowing blades were monitored. After cutting, the actual height and uniformity of the stubble, biomass production, and the amount of remaining uncut biomass were monitored. The quality of the cut was evaluated.
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The influence of sheep grazing on species composition and biomass production of grassland
JINDŘICHOVÁ, Tereza
This bachelor's thesis is presented in the form of a comprehensive literature review, focusing on grazing and permanent grasslands in the Czech Republic and the evolu-tion of their areas. The review provides an in-depth analysis of grazing systems, including the characterization of individual facilities and equipment for pastures, and the identification of the various factors that influence the grazing landscape. Additionally, the thesis presents valuable insights into the vegetation of these grass-lands, including species composition, optimal composition for different types of livestock, and palatability of vegetation for different types of livestock. The nutri-tional and water regimes of grasslands, including their indicators and distribution, are also discussed. Furthermore, this thesis presents a comprehensive characteriza-tion of sheep grazing, including the significance of breeding, breeds and their dis-tribution, ethology, population in the Czech Republic, reproduction, care for lambs and the herd, and diseases associated with sheep. The thesis also assessed the spe-cies composition of agrobotanical groups and the proportion of empty spaces, and monitored the production of biomass and dry matter. The mowing system was found to yield the best species composition and the highest production. Overall, this literature review provides valuable insights into the management of grazing and permanent grasslands in the Czech Republic, offering practical guidance for land managers and farmers, as well as serving as a solid foundation for future research in this field. The empirical findings suggest that the mowing system implemented on meadow no. 2 yielded the highest production among the evaluated grasslands. This outcome underscores the importance of evidence-based management practices in optimizing the productivity of grazing and permanent grasslands. To this end, the implementation of targeted measures, such as reducing grazing pressure, applying appropriate fertilization practices, overseeding with desirable species, and shorten-ing the grazing period, are crucial in promoting optimal grassland productivity and sustainability.
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Vyhodnocení bilance živin (N, P, K, Ca a Mg) v ekologickém podniku hospodařícím na trvalých travních porostech
Ščambura, Maxmilián
The diploma thesis is focused on the evaluation of nutrient balance in an organic farm on permanent grasslands with dairy and beef cattle and sheep. Relationships between soil, plants, and farmed animals were observed, followed by an evaluation of whether the ecosystem (soil) was depleted or enriched with the observed nutrients. In the overall balance in the monitored year 2019, it turned out that only magnesium enters to the company in a larger amount, the entering of phosphorus is equal to zero. Residual nitrogen, potassium, and calcium are in loss figures. Imports of nutrients into the system consisted of purchases of nuclear feed, straw and mineral licks. Sales of milk and animals for slaughter contributed the most to the export of nutrients. In the monitored period, the loss of nitrogen without taking into account the fixation of air N and atmospheric fallout -25 kg per hectare was monitored. That is the lowest amount of nutrients supplied to the company. The largest surplus was found for magnesium, +3 kg per hectare. Neither in the loss nor in the excess was the value observed for phosphorus, which is equal to zero. The total loss of calcium is -9 kg per hectare and of potassium -3 kg per hectare.
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Možnosti využití travních porostů v rámci agrolesnictví
Macek, Libor
The bachelor's thesis deals with the use of grasslands with a focus on grasses and clover in agroforestry systems. The first part describes the agroforestry itself – its characteristics and significance. Furthermore, emphasis is placed on woody plants suitable for agroforestry systems, especially in the conditions of Central Europ, as well as on their production and non-production functions. The most suitable representatives are for example, walnut (Juglans), poplar (Populus), but also less economically used representatives, such as cherry (Prunus) or rowan (Sorbus). At the same time, agroforestry is divided into certain units, which are characterized by their functions, both in the tropics and in Europe. The most typical systems in Europe are mainly silvopastoral systems, but also increasingly used alley cropping on arable land. The second part describes various agroforestry systems using grasslands as well as practical examples of functioning systems in different climate zones. Attention is also paid to individual members of the family Poaceae and Fabaceae suitable for their characteristic properties in these systems. The most important for shading appear to be tolerant representatives such as Agrostis stolonifera L. or Festuca arundinacea Schreb. from the Poaceae family or Meadow clover (Trifolium pratense L.) from the Fabaceae family. Possible interactions related to the coexistence of woody plants, grasses and clover, such as competition and allelopathy, are also not neglected.
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The analysis of growing system of fodder crops for fodder and energetical biomasss production in selected farm
FUČÍK, Karel
The bachelor thesis deals with selected agricultural crops for fodder and energy-energy purposes on the selected farm. The thesis deals with the evaluation of yields and analysis of forage cropping systems on arable land, where the main crop is maize (Zea mays), and also focuses on permanent grassland. The arable land was grassed with a permanent clover-grass mixture consisting of 7 grass species and 1 clover spe-cies. The main aim of my chosen bachelor thesis was to evaluate the development and harvesting of forage stands on both arable land and stands belonging to the TTP, then to evaluate their yield and also to focus on the assessment of plant composition. The plot where the restoration and sowing with clover-grass mixtures took place was also monitored. The chapter evaluating the results of the permanent grassland (TTP) includes an as-sessment of the three selected plots where the distribution of individual clover and grasses was monitored. At the same time, the thesis also focuses on the evaluation of the arable land treatment and the condition of the stands where maize (Zea mays) is grown for feed and energy purposes. The main indicators monitored are soil prepara-tion, sowing style, nutrition and, last but not least, harvesting with yield.
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Methodological tasks of livestock density in pastures and etological observation of cattle in pasture
PETRÁŠ, Marek
The aim of the bachelor's thesis is to design suitable ways of expressing the load of grazing areas and monitoring cattle during grazing with regard to the condition of pastures. These goals were achieved on the basis of one-year monitoring and analysis of pasture on the monitored pastures. At the same time, when monitoring the botanical composition of pastures, the behavior of cattle on pasture and its influence on pasture and soil compaction were monitored.
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The presentation of Lathyrus pratensis L. in different types of grass stands
BÁRTA, Pavel
In the years 2007 to 2008 the occurence and domination of the meadow peavine was studied in the foothills of Sumava (Kaplice-Velký Chuchelec and Rožnov) in the elevation of 580-650 m above sea level and in the area of Českobudějovická pánev (Kozina u Závrat in the elevation of 390-510 m). The use of the meadow peavine in various types of areas and diverse methods of employment and maintenance were studied. Also performed was the analysis of environmental conditions, phytocenological analysis of grass areas and the evaluation of employment of the meadow peavine in various typologicaly different grass areas. In the locality of Velký Chuchelec there were taken pods with seeds of meadow peavine which, after proper shelling and drying, were subject to analysis of germination in containers for experiments in regards to possibilities of introducing the meadow peavine into fodder crops. In the year 2007 to 2008, in the area of Kozina u Závrat the assesment of the occurence and degree of assault of the meadow peavine with regards to the downgrade in the quality of the fodder of this species during the assault of this patogen was studied.
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Péče o travní porosty v rámci soustavy Natura 2000
Výletová, Lenka
Bachelor thesis was conceived in its first part as a general literature review describing history, significance and characteristic of grasslands within the system Natura 2000. Not only pastures are considered as a grassland, but also continuous vegetation with domination of grasses intended for feeding purposes and technical use, which perform production and non-production function. Grazing cattle is an essential element of protected areas. In a second part of the thesis I focuses on Natura 2000, its origin, directives and goals description. In separate chapters is mentioned the care of grasslands within the system Natura 2000 and description and destruction methods of invasive species. The third part is about selected Sites of Community Importance in Hodonín district. I chose and described five sites into Natura 2000 system around my home. These sites are described geologically, pedologically and botanically. I focused on a significant and vulnerable species in this areas. I focused on the recommended care for selected areas in the last part.
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